Dormancy Loss in Cereal Seeds: Recent Molecular Advances
Introduction
Seed dormancy, a crucial phase in plant life cycles, enables seeds to tolerate adverse conditions and resume growth when favorable conditions return. In cereal crops such as wheat, dormancy loss is essential for timely germination and seedling establishment. In this updated review, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy loss in cereals.
Molecular Mechanisms of Dormancy Loss
ABA-Dependent Dormancy
Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, plays a pivotal role in inducing and maintaining seed dormancy. During dormancy, ABA levels are high, suppressing seed germination and promoting the expression of dormancy-associated genes. Dormancy loss involves a decline in ABA levels, leading to the release of these inhibitory signals.
Hormonal Crosstalk and Signal Transduction
Dormancy loss is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins, and brassinosteroids. These hormones interact with specific receptors and signaling pathways to modulate ABA metabolism and the expression of dormancy-related genes.
Epigenetic Modifications
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been implicated in the establishment and maintenance of seed dormancy. Changes in these epigenetic marks during dormancy loss contribute to the reprogramming of gene expression patterns and the release of seeds from dormancy.
Importance of Dormancy Loss in Cereal Crops
Dormancy loss is critical for the successful cultivation of cereal crops. It ensures that seeds germinate and establish seedlings at the optimal time, maximizing yield potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy loss will enable breeders to develop varieties with improved germination and vigor, enhancing crop production and food security.
Conclusion
Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy loss in cereal seeds have provided valuable insights for researchers and breeders. By unraveling the complex interplay of hormones, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications, we can improve seed quality and enhance the productivity of cereal crops.
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